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pfSense v2.8.x Repeatedly Crashing Due to a Kernel Panic

(Analysis and solution significantly aided by ChatGPT) After an upgrade of my pfSense from 2.7.2 to 2.8.0, the firewall started crashing about once every couple of days with a kernel panic. After updating to 2.8.1, the problem persisted. The Problem

dimitar October 14, 2025October 15, 2025 General, IT Security, Linux, pfSense Read more

Configure pfSense for Chromecast Across Subnets/VLANs

Chromecast devices are discoverable on the network via the mDNS protocol and that works well when all devices are on the same network. Things start to break down though if the Chromecast devices and the clients that would like to

dimitar December 10, 2023October 14, 2025 IT Security, pfSense Read more

Find out what DNS requests are made in real time via command line

Since all DNS requests are over port 53, we can use the raw tcpdump utility and just look at the packets on that port: tcpdump -vvv -s 0 -l -n port 53 Someone took the extra step to write a

dimitar May 10, 2016October 14, 2025 IT Security, Linux, Networking, Ubuntu Read more

Set up a MySQL user dedicated to backups

It is not a good idea to use the root MySQL account to do backups. So, let’s create a user dedicated exclusively to doing backups. Log on to MySQL as root: mysql -u root -p Then create the new user

dimitar January 19, 2016October 14, 2025 IT Security, Linux, MySQL, SQL, Ubuntu Read more

Unable to create new directories or files (write access) in WebDAV with Apache2

It turns out that if you have enabled mod_rewrite on the server and you are actually doing any url re-writing for the site under which WebDAV is running, then you will not be able to create new directories or files

dimitar December 15, 2014October 14, 2025 Apache, IT Security, Linux, Networking, Ubuntu Read more

Block a range of IP addresses from reaching your server

When your Linux server gets bombarded with malicious requests the quickest and easiest thing is to block the offending IP address (or the entire range) using iptables: To block just one IP address: $ sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 103.10.86.53

dimitar November 22, 2014October 14, 2025 IT Security, Linux, Networking, Ubuntu Read more

How to create an ftp user and allow write to the apache root directory with proper permissions

I do not recommend having a set up like this due to the multiple security vulnerabilities that it presents. There are much better and more secure ways to develop and deploy to a server. If you can use WebDAV, scp,

dimitar July 23, 2014October 14, 2025 IT Security, Linux, Ubuntu Read more

Find out who links to your website

You can use the power of the search engines to find out who has links pointing to your site or to any domain for that matter. In Google the syntax is allinanchor:domain.name. For example you would put this in the

dimitar September 10, 2009October 14, 2025 IT Security Read more

KARMA on the Fon and Sniffing Wireless Network Traffic with Ubuntu – Step by Step

KARMA is an application that transforms the right wireless NIC into the ultimate Access Point. Unlike a regular AP, which advertises its SSID to whoever wants to connect to it, the KARMA enabled AP passively listens to any client wireless

dimitar January 1, 2009October 14, 2025 IT Security, Linux, Networking, Ubuntu Read more

Dynamic Port Forwarding with SOCKS over SSH

Dynamic Port Forwarding with SOCKS over SSH is probably the easiest and cheapest secure method to connect a client application to a remote host over a preferred port. This method allows an application on a client computer to make request

dimitar December 14, 2008October 14, 2025 IT Security, Linux, Networking Read more
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